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What is Six Sigma?

Six Sigma is basically a business process management scheme developed by Bill Smith, an engineer at Motorola. It was meant to improve the manufacturing and business processes by keying out the defects and removing them. It uses a lot of quality management instructions, which include various statistical methods creating several layers of people inside an organization. It is a management philosophy having a customer-oriented approach, where the main focus is on minimizing the errors.

What is Six Sigma Certification?

Six Sigma Certification confirms an individual's expertise in particular competencies, with regard to the quality management skills which, when applied, works to eliminate and prevent errors. However, it does not indicate that the person is capable of limitless improvement processes; it only implies his competency in the subject matter. It is documented proof, just like any other certification which is acquired after studying.

What is Needed for Six Sigma Certification?

Six Sigma certification entails learning the appropriate skills and subject matter, passing a written test with good grades, and then exhibiting the skills and learning in an active environment. The study material can be purchased from any Six Sigma training and consulting company. Usually, these companies provide a combined package which includes the classroom training and the study material. There are different Six Sigma levels; green belt, black belt and master black belt.

The companies which are new to Six Sigma tend to refer the proficiency tests of the training company, whereas companies like GE and Motorola, who have been performing in-house training for years, give their own written tests. After the completion of the training, individuals are required to apply the learned classroom concepts on one or two live projects. This is where many certification companies differ: while, some companies require the candidate to finish one project for green belt and two for black belt; other companies might have different targets set to achieve the green belt or black belt levels.

Six Sigma Methodology
Six Sigma projects follow two project methodologies inspired by Deming's Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle. These methodologies, composed of five phases each, bear the acronyms DMAIC and DMADV.
  • DMAIC is used for projects aimed at improving an existing business process. DMAIC is pronounced as "duh-may-ick".
  • DMADV is used for projects aimed at creating new product or process designs. DMADV is pronounced as "duh-mad-vee".

The DMAIC project methodology has five phases:
  1. Define the problem, the voice of the customer, and the project goals, specifically.
  2. Measure key aspects of the current process and collect relevant data.
  3. Analyze the data to investigate and verify cause-and-effect relationships. Determine what the relationships are, and attempt to ensure that all factors have been considered. Seek out root cause of the defect under investigation.
  4. Improve or optimize the current process based upon data analysis using techniques such as design of experiments, poka yoke or mistake proofing, and standard work to create a new, future state process. Set up pilot runs to establish process capability.
  5. Control the future state process to ensure that any deviations from target are corrected before they result in defects. Implement control systems such as statistical process control, production boards, and visual workplaces, and continuously monitor the process.

The DMADV project methodology, also known as DFSS ("Design For Six Sigma"), features five phases:
  1. Define design goals that are consistent with customer demands and the enterprise strategy.
  2. Measure and identify CTQs (characteristics that are Critical To Quality), product capabilities, production process capability, and risks.
  3. Analyze to develop and design alternatives, create a high-level design and evaluate design capability to select the best design.
  4. Design details, optimize the design, and plan for design verification. This phase may require simulations.
  5. Verify the design, set up pilot runs, implement the production process and hand it over to the process owner(s).

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